Research on the current-voltage conversion error of quartz flexible accelerometers


Release time:

2023-06-12

石英挠性加速度计作为一种成熟的高精度惯性加速度计,可以输出10-5g~几十个g的加速度信息,为了保证系统的整体精度,相应的加速度计采集电路也应尽量降低自身引入的误差并提高数据采集性能。

由于石英挠性加速度计采用模拟控制方式输出电流信号,而现代数据采集系统中,要求采集的信号为数字信号,因此需要将这种模拟电流信号转换为数字信号,随着石英挠性加速度计精度的提高,能不失真的还原石英挠性加速度计的精度,高精度的模数转换电路的设计尤为重要。

目前有两种方法可以实现这种模数转换,分别是A/D转换器转换和通过将电流信号调理为频率信号,再通过计频,实现模数转换,即I/F转换。当采用A/D转换器转换时,需要一个电流电压转换环节,为了提高石英挠性加速度计数据采集电路的性能,作为加速度采集系统的第一个环节,电流电压转换环节造成的误差不可忽略,选择合适的转换方式对提高整个惯性系统的精度起到重要的作用。

   在电流电压转换环节,需要精密低温漂采样电阻负载,这样会带来负载效应,负载效应是指由电流、电压转换带来的加速度计输出电流的分流作用,它不仅会影响到转换的精度,还会影响转换速率。

 

    目前常用的电流电压转换为直接转换、仪表运算放大器转换和电流电压转换器,下面对这3种转换方式进行对比分析

 

1直接转换

 

 

 

1 直接转换阻抗等效图

注:输入电阻Ri为后级无源低通滤波器等效阻抗或有源低通滤波器输入阻抗

  根据基尔霍夫电流定律,Io=Is+Ii,这样就会使输出电压Vout比理论值偏小,

实际测量

 

 

当输入电阻Ri越小,则输出电压偏差越大。实际测量值仅为理论值的比例σ为

 

假如采样电阻Rs为1KΩ,输入电阻Ri为50kΩ,则实际测量值仅为理论值的比例为98.04%。

 

2仪表运算放大器转换

 

 

2 仪表运算放大器转换示意图

同样的,仪表运算放大器转换也可以等效为图3的阻抗等效图。

 

3仪表运算放大器转换阻抗等效示意图

当采用仪表运算放大器转换方式时,器件的选型对转换精度影响极大,普通的仪表运算放大器输入电阻为几百MΩ,而高性能的仪表运算放大器输入阻抗可以达到10GΩ~100GΩ,此时,可以认为转换精度达到理想值。

另外,仪表运算放大器可以通过REF端进行调零(低阻抗输入),减小系统零位,提高测量精度。

 

3 电流电压转换器

 

 

由于高精度的运算放大器的输入失调电流很小,我们可以认为Ii=Io,因此电流电压转换器可以消除负载效应带来误差的影响,转换精度接近100%。

采用电流电压转换器转换方法时,加表的输出端L-始终工作在“虚地”点,这样可以提高加表抗震动冲击的能力,工作线性范围变大,增强加表在恶劣环境下的生存能力。

采用电流电压转换器时,需要选用失调电流小,压摆率高,输出电流能力强的运算放大器,另外电流电压转换器可以起到低通滤波器的作用,在加速度输出的低频范围内,选择合适的电阻电容,可以忽略它对输出的影响,同时起到低通滤波器的作用

综上所述,直接转换误差太大,不建议使用,差分放大器转换和电流电压转换器都可消除负载效应,而且对灵敏度影响较小。

针对客户需求,我公司开发了HJGM001(仪表运算放大器转换方式)和三轴加表I-V转换电路模块(电流电压转换器方式)两款产品,欢迎大家选购!

 


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